Belief in Predestination

Belief in Predestination

Belief in predestination is one of the six pillars of faith as reported in a prophetic narration, in which the Angel Jibreel (Gabriel) asked the Prophet Muhammad, sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam, about the definition of faith, to which the Prophet, sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam, replied:

"It is that you believe in Allaah, His Books, His Messengers, His angles, the Last Day, and that you believe in predestination, whether good or bad." [Muslim]

What is predestination?

Predestination is to believe that Allaah knows everything that is in the earth and in the heavens. There is absolutely nothing that happens except through the complete knowledge of Allaah. Whatever Allaah destines will happen and whatever He does not, will not happen. The Prophet, sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam, said:

"A slave (of Allaah) will not have faith unless he believes in predestination, whether good or bad, and that whatever befalls him could not have missed him, and that which missed him could not have befallen him." [At-Tirmithi]

Allaah Says (what means):

{Verily, We have created all things with Qadar (Divine Preordainments of all things before their creation, as written in the Book of Decrees, Al-Lauh Al-Mahfuz).} [Quran 54: 48-49]



A man is born and dies at the designated time and place destined by Allaah. Allaah has complete Knowledge about all his conditions, health, provisions, and his knowledge even before his birth. All this is recorded in the preserved Book. All that is in this world occurs according to the Knowledge and Predestination of Allaah: the sun, the moon, people, animals, plants, rain, winds, and all other creatures move and function according to His Knowledge and Predestination.

Predestination whether good or bad.

Predestination is divided into two types: good and bad. Whatever is beneficial to us is a good predestination, such as faith, knowledge, and good health.

Whatever is harmful to us is a bad predestination such as sinning, ignorance, and sickness. We must believe in predestination whether it is good or bad, and believe that Allaah predestined good and bad before creating man. A believer knows that Allaah predestined everything and that nothing happens in this world except with His Knowledge and Predestination. Nobody could ever act contrary to the Predestination of Allaah. Allaah predestined what is bad for a great and wise purpose. Allaah may predestine sickness on a sinner so that He would forgive his sins. He may predestine it on an obedient worshipper in order to increase his rewards and elevate him to a higher rank.

Allaah granted man the senses of hearing and seeing as well as his mind. Allaah sent the Prophet Muhammad, sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam, with the religion of Islam, and showed him all the ways of goodness and evil. Allaah commanded man to observe the former and refrain from the latter. Man should perform all good deeds and avoid all evil and sinful means. Therefore man should not be lazy and reluctant in performing acts of worship and should endeavor to obtain his permissible means of existence (i.e. daily bread), but he must work hard in order to build this universe because he does not know how long he will live or when he will die.

In every act which Allaah predestined, there is wisdom which we may or may not know. However, a believer should always be content and pleased with the predestination of Allaah in all cases. If he is afflicted with a calamity, he should be patient and if something good happens to him, he should be grateful to his Lord.

The impact of belief in Predestination on man's manners and behavior.

Belief in predestination has a great impact and many benefits such as:

It makes the believer courageous and never afraid to say the truth. It urges him to perform Jihaad in Allaah's Cause and never fear an enemy because he knows well that the span of his lifetime is predestined.

It renders man responsible, before Allaah, for his actions and deeds which he performs out of his free will and choice. This urges him to please Allaah in every word and action he performs in order to attain Allaah's Pleasure.

When a person believes in predestination, he knows that everything happens according to the Knowledge and Wisdom of Allaah. When he is afflicted with a calamity, he is patient and never shows discontent. When he is successful, he thanks Allaah and never becomes proud or arrogant. This makes him lead a happy and tranquil life.

It urges man to work and utilize the means required for success and then put his trust in Allaah. This makes the Muslim an active worker who enjoins good and forbids evil, populates the earth, and endeavours to his utmost in order to make himself and all the people happy.

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